We’re on Brandmeister talk group 3126 statewide Michigan for the DMR Tech Net on Monday, March 4th from 7:30pm ET – 8:30pm ET.
Join us as we discuss Talk Groups. We’ll go over some of the rules for them, the Brandmeister, TGIF, Free DMR, and YSF channels for Michigan, and find out which ones are used by you.
You can view the attached latest talk group lists for BrandMeister, TGIF, YSF, and the FreeDMR networks.
Join us as we demystify and have fun with DMR (Digital Mobile Radio) every Monday night!
The DMR Tech Net team is branching out with a new monthly show on Zoom on the third Tuesday of each month from 8pm-9pm ET called DMR Tech Net TV!
- Tuesday, February 20, we had Robert Bretzman K4WZV, one of the founders of the TGIF network, to discuss and answer questions about why TGIF is, in his opinion, the best DMR network/mode to use. Here’s the link to rewatch that show: https://www.youtube.com/@DMRtechnetTV
- On March 19, we will be going over upgrading to the WPSD interface for your hotspot with Brad KE8WNV, Rick AD8KN, and hopefully Chip WØCHP.
- We’ve scheduled on Tuesday, April 16 Garrett Dow of Repeaterbook.com to explain everything about his website and the new changes coming to it.
- May 21, we will have Corey Dean N3FE to discuss the BrandMeister network, sharing hints & tips to use it better, and he’ll answer your questions.
If you have a topic or issue you would like discussed, let us know.
We’re also in communication with Chip Cuccio WØCHP to come back on the DMR Tech Net to explain (and answer the questions you have about) the WPST Pi-star dashboard and the M17 Network. Due to family issues, he’s been unable to join us, but when time permits, we’ll change our weekly topic so we can hear from him.
You can always chat with the DMR Tech Net team on TGIF talk group 31268, the DMR Tech Net channel!
If you have a comment or a DMR topic idea for the DMR Tech Net, please share it with any of us. Send an email to: steve@dmrtechnet.net, stan@dmrtechnet.net, tom@dmrtechnet.net, dana@dmrtechnet.net, brian@dmrtechnet.net, or brad@dmrtechnet.net.
If you want to subscribe to this newsletter, send an email to subscribe@dmrtechnet.net.
Here are the Michigan DMR nets we know about.
Please join in & participate on them.
If you know of other Michigan DMR nets, please let us know.
Saturday:
- 7:00pm Arrow DMR Net on BrandMeister talk group 3126
- 7:30pm DMR Trivia Net on TGIF talk group 31268
Sunday:
- 6:30pm UP Net on BrandMeister talk group 31268
Monday:
- 7:30pm DMR Tech Net on BrandMeister talk group 3126
- 8:30pm Michigan One DMR Net on BrandMeister talk group 3126
The DMR Tech Net team is helping Dustin N8RMA with NCS duties on the Michigan One DMR net on Monday nights. If you would like to join in our schedule of Net Control Station operators, send an email to dana@dmrtechnet.net. Here’s the upcoming list of substitute NCS’:
- Mar 4 Steve KC8WXM
- Mar 11 Brad KE8WNV
- Mar 18 Dustin N8RMA
- Mar 25 Tom N8TJ
- Apr 1 We want the founders, Randy N8YUI & Dustin N8RMA for the Michigan One DMR net’s 5th anniversary show! Steve KC8WXM will backup.
We want to beat the current record of 30 check-ins. We had 28 for last week’s Michigan One DMR net.
Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) networks utilize talk groups to facilitate communication between users. Talk groups are essentially virtual channels or groups that users can subscribe to for communication purposes. There are several types of talk groups in DMR networks, each serving different purposes and having distinct characteristics. Here are the main differences:
- Static Talk Groups: These talk groups are permanently assigned to a specific timeslot on a DMR repeater or network. Users who wish to communicate within a static talk group can simply tune their radios to that talk group’s ID and transmit and receive messages without the need for any special setup.
- Dynamic Talk Groups: Unlike static talk groups, dynamic talk groups are not permanently assigned to a timeslot. Instead, they are activated when a user initiates communication within that talk group. Dynamic talk groups are often used for ad-hoc or temporary communications among users who may not regularly communicate with each other.
- Local Talk Groups: Local talk groups are typically confined to a single repeater or a small geographical area. They are used for local communications among users who are within the coverage range of the repeater or area. Local talk groups are often assigned to timeslots on repeaters to enable efficient communication within a specific area.
- Regional Talk Groups: Regional talk groups cover larger geographical areas than local talk groups and are used for communication between users spread across a region. They are particularly useful for coordinating activities or sharing information among users within a specific region.
- National Talk Groups: National talk groups span entire countries and are used for nationwide communication among DMR users. They allow users from different parts of the country to communicate with each other without being constrained by regional boundaries.
- Special Purpose Talk Groups: These talk groups are designated for specific purposes such as emergency communications, public safety operations, event coordination, or special interest groups. They are tailored to meet the communication needs of specific user communities or applications.
Overall, the differences in talk groups within DMR networks lie in their scope, permanence, and intended use. Users can select the appropriate talk group based on their communication needs and preferences, whether it be for local, regional, national, or specialized communication purposes.
When using Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) talk groups, there are several rules and guidelines that users typically follow to ensure effective and efficient communication within the network. These rules help maintain order, prevent interference, and promote respectful communication among users. Here are some common rules to follow when using DMR talk groups:
- Respect Talk Group Assignments: Users should adhere to the designated talk group assignments for specific conversations or activities. Avoid transmitting on talk groups that are not relevant to your communication needs.
- Listen Before Transmitting (LBT): Before transmitting, users should listen to the talk group for ongoing conversations to avoid interrupting ongoing communications. This helps prevent collisions and ensures that transmissions are clear and concise.
- Avoid Prolonged Transmissions: Keep transmissions concise and to the point. Avoid monopolizing the talk group with lengthy transmissions, as this can prevent other users from accessing the channel and disrupt communication flow.
- Identify Yourself: When initiating a transmission or joining an ongoing conversation, clearly identify yourself with your call sign, handle, or identifier. This helps other users recognize who is transmitting and promotes accountability within the network.
- Wait for Your Turn: If multiple users are attempting to transmit simultaneously, wait for a brief pause before initiating your transmission. This helps prevent collisions and ensures that each user has an opportunity to communicate effectively.
- Use Clear Language: Speak clearly and use standard radio etiquette to ensure that your transmissions are easily understood by other users. Avoid using jargon, slang, or ambiguous language that may cause confusion.
- Respect Privacy: Avoid transmitting sensitive or private information over open channels. Be mindful of the audience and refrain from discussing confidential or personal matters that may not be appropriate for public communication.
- Emergency Prioritization: In the event of an emergency, prioritize emergency communications over regular traffic. Follow established emergency protocols and procedures to ensure swift response and assistance.
- Follow Network Policies: Adhere to any specific rules or policies set forth by the DMR network operator or administrator. These may include guidelines for talk group usage, frequency coordination, and system operation.
- Be Respectful: Treat other users with respect and courtesy at all times. Avoid engaging in disruptive behavior, offensive language, or inappropriate conduct that may detract from the overall user experience.
By following these rules and guidelines, DMR users can communicate effectively and responsibly within the network, fostering a positive and productive communication environment for all participants.
Creating a talk group on a Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) network typically involves coordination with the network administrator or system operator, as well as adherence to certain technical specifications and protocols. Here are the general steps to create a talk group on a DMR network:
- Determine Need and Purpose: Identify the need and purpose for creating the talk group. Consider factors such as the target user community, communication requirements, geographic coverage, and intended use cases.
- Contact Network Administrator: Reach out to the administrator or operator of the DMR network where you intend to create the talk group. This could be a local repeater owner, a regional DMR network administrator, or a nationwide network coordinator.
- Request Talk Group Assignment: Submit a formal request to the network administrator to create a new talk group. Provide detailed information about the talk group, including its name, numeric ID (if applicable), desired timeslot assignment, geographic coverage (if regional), and any special considerations or requirements.
- Coordinate Frequency and Timeslot: If the talk group will be assigned to a specific frequency and timeslot on a repeater or trunked system, coordinate with the network administrator to ensure compatibility and availability. Verify that the frequency and timeslot do not conflict with existing talk groups or network operations.
- Define Talk Group Parameters: Specify any additional parameters or attributes for the talk group, such as talk group type (static or dynamic), talk group color code, encryption settings (if applicable), and any associated metadata or descriptors.
- Assign Talk Group ID: Once the talk group parameters have been defined, the network administrator will assign a unique talk group ID (TGID) to the new talk group. This ID will be used by users to access and communicate on the talk group.
- Notify Users: Inform potential users of the new talk group and provide them with the necessary information to access and utilize it. This may include the talk group name, ID, timeslot assignment, frequency details, and any other relevant instructions.
- Test and Evaluate: Conduct initial testing and evaluation of the new talk group to ensure proper functionality, coverage, and usability. Solicit feedback from users and make any necessary adjustments or optimizations based on their input.
- Document and Maintain: Document the creation and configuration of the talk group, including its purpose, parameters, assignments, and any associated documentation or policies. Regularly review and maintain the talk group configuration to keep it up-to-date and aligned with evolving user needs and network requirements.
By following these steps and working closely with the network administrator or operator, you can create a new talk group on a DMR network to facilitate communication among users according to your specific requirements and objectives.
Brandmeister
| Talk group | State/Sub-Channel |
| 3126 | Michigan – 10 Minute Limit |
| 31260 | Michigan WX ARES EmComm |
| 31261 | Mi5-STATEWIDE1 |
| 31262 | Mi5-STATEWIDE2 |
| 31263 | Mi5-EVENT1 |
| 31264 | Michigan TAC |
| 31265 | Mi5-EVENT3 |
| 31266 | Michigan Nets |
| 31267 | West MI Talk Group |
| 31268 | UP of Michigan |
| 31269 | W MI Tech Group |
What is a Statewide Talk Group
Statewide talk groups are channels for calling and short communications. Statewide talk groups are typically set static on a numerous repeaters through out their respective states. Generally a long conversation is considered 10 minutes or more and should be moved to another talk group. Please be considerate in utilizing these channels as they are keying up dozens of repeaters in the state.
Operating Procedures
- It is OK to make a call and hold a short conversation (Less than 10 minutes)
- If your conversation is going more than 10 minutes, move to a TAC Channel or other Talk Group.
- NETS are allowed to be held on statewide talk groups (if organized with the respective state coordinators/group of the channel)
- Pause in-between conversations to allow others to jump in and or to make a quick call.
- Statewide Channels is a DMR only mode talk groups. Bridges to other modes are not generally permitted. This also includes any devices (hotspots, repeaters, etc.) which are not DMR Based are not permitted.
- If communicating with a station which is not in the state please be considerate and move to a TAC channel or keep the conversation short. Statewide channels are meant for users in the state to use.
https://help.brandmeister.us/operating/statewide-talk-groups#operating-procedures
Operating Etiquette
General Guidelines in operating on the BrandMeister Network
BrandMeister is a worldwide platform allowing Repeaters, Hotspots and other applications to centrally connect and communicate in real-time for amateur radio operators.
These are some general tips/guidance on how to navigate and operate on the network.
- Be courteous and respectful to fellow amateur radio operators while communication on the network.
- Be mindful of your language and know there can be many ears listening, even young ones.
- Listen and Pause… allow space between your conversations to allow others to join into the conversation and to allow hotspots or repeaters to disconnect from a talk group. A good practice is between 2 and 5 seconds.
- Minimize highly charged conversations such as politics and religions. Some talk groups might be more open to politics and religions but would recommend listening and practicing common sense when talking about highly charged topics.
- Move to a TAC or Local Talk Group when using a busy or high profile talk group. Be mindful of your communication time and suggest to move to a TAC or Local talk group if the conversation is going to go long.
- Be Mindful of the Talk Group Label as this will suggest the topic or region it was designated for. Some are meant to be used for a region and when outside stations utilize the talk group be mindful and respective of its usage and time. For example , there should be no instances of two or more outside stations use a talk group designated for another region.
- Statewide Talk Groups generally in the USA are meant to be calling channels and or short conversations and should move to a local TAC channel when possible. Generally a 10 minute rule exists before some monitoring might join your conversation to politely ask you to move to another talk group. Be mindful these statewide talk groups might be set static on a large number of repeaters statewide. Nets are acceptable on state wide talk groups.
https://help.brandmeister.us/operating/operating-etiquette
Talkgroup Block Message
If hearing the message “Talkgroup Blocked” this means the talk group is blocked.
If you here a Talk Group Blocked message this could mean possibly one of the reasons below.
- If accessing a Repeater and receiving this message this most likely means the Repeater owner has asked to block a specific talk group on the repeater from being used.
- If using a hotspot this most likely means the server admin has blocked the specific user(s), hotspot or class of users from accessing the talk group.
- If using a Terminal based system, this most likely means the user did not subscribe or unsubscribed from the talk group before transmitting. The other reason can be the server admin has blocked the specific user(s) or class of users from accessing the talk group.
https://help.brandmeister.us/operating/talkgroup-block-message
TAC Channels
Non-Primary channels aiding in relieving congestion on primary/statewide talk groups. Temporary Channels to continue conversations.
TAC 310-319 are not allowed to be set as static on any of the USA Master Servers. The TAC channels are for those wishing to continue a conversation from another talk group. AKA, No parking Hotspots/Repeaters on 310-319 Talk Groups. TAC Channels are not to be used for initiating contacts. TAC Channels are not to be used for NETS.
What is a TAC Channel
A TAC or Tactical or Talk Around Channel is a virtual talk group which allows for a talk group for users to move to once they establish a call on a State-wide, Global (like 91) or other large area/or high profile talk groups to continue their conversations.
TACS were designed for a temporary usage and not for users to utilize them for a daily channel for groups of users to meet on. See Alterative to TAC Channels for another option for a group of users to utilize daily.
TAC 310-312
TAC 310, 311, and 312 are special talk groups which are a common bridge between BrandMeister and CBridge networks. Please be considerate in their use as these are designed to allow cross communication between the two networks. These are not to be used as a calling channel or for users to park their hotspots on. Again these are a place to allow continued conversations from a larger or high profile talk group to move from.
TAC 313-319
These are BrandMeister only TAC groups and are not bridged to any other network and never will be. These are specific for users of BrandMeister. Please again refrain from using these as calling channels but for usage when calling on talk groups like 91,93, 3100, etc to move to to continue a lengthy conversation. This allows the high profile/high usage talk groups to be free for others to access and call others for a chat.
Alternative to TAC Channels
If all TAC Channels are busy or looking for a channel for a small group to communicate on a regular basis, you may use one of your 7-digit Radio IDs (assigned to you or one of the members in your group) as a talk group. No Approval is needed and can use them immediately.
Steps to begin using your ID 7-digit ID as a Talk Group:
- Program your radio by added the 7-Digit Radio ID as a Group Call using the CPS (Customer Programming Software) Program.
- Label it as you see fit in the CPS as this will show on your radio Display.
- Provide the 7-Digit to others in your group to program into their respective radios.
- Finally key up and test it out.
Please do not pick a random talk group to use. It must either be listed in the BrandMeister Talk Group list or use your 7-digit Radio ID or if you have a repeater your 6-digit repeater id.
https://help.brandmeister.us/operating/tac-channels
TGIF
| TG Number | TGIF Talk Group Name | |
| 101 | Tac-101 | |
| 102 | Tac-102 | |
| 103 | Tac 103 | |
| 104 | Tac-104 | |
| 105 | Tac-105 | |
| 106 | Tac-106 | |
| 107 | Tac-107 | |
| 108 | Tac-108 | |
| 109 | Tac-109 | |
| 110 | North America | |
| 129 | DMR-Current Events-Emcomm | |
| 152 | Beginners Lounge | |
| 290 | YSF_America_Link | |
| 318 | Michigan | |
| 513 | Outdoors Michigan | |
| 550 | Calumet Radio Group | |
| 625 | XLX625 CQ-Michigan | |
| 989 | BAARC / Bay City Michigan | |
| 1841 | CQ-Michigan | |
| 3126 | Michigan Statewide | |
| 3181 | Southwest Michigan | |
| 6072 | Gogebic County Severe WeatherNet | |
| 27906 | Yooper Amateur Radio Club KC8NWS | |
| 30092 | IRLP_0092 and Echolink MICH-EXP 593804 | |
| 31100 | Midwest 100 | |
| 31268 | DMR Tech Net | |
| 31665 | TGIF | |
| 41992 | Southern Michigan – Skywarn | |
| 41997 | Northern MI Skywarn | |
| 49855 | Michigan D8 Auxcomm | |
| 71474 | NORTH-MICHIGAN | |
| 80268 | Private TGIF Talkgroup | |
| 312266 | Michigan Nets | |
| 3143634 | Private chat |
What do I do to get a talk group on TGIF?
First make sure you are Logged into your account, then go to your Callsign which will show up on the top menu bar, there in the drop down list is link to the Talkgroup Request Form. just fill it in and submit. Please note, only request a Talk Group that is 5 numbers long only (Example “12345” ) unless you are going to use your own 6-digit repeater ID or 7-digit DMR ID.
What is the proper way to break in when a conversation is going on a talk group?
Say your call in between TX. You usually will be acknowledged and then you can join the conversation or make your call. Please try and only transmit your callsign and wait to let the next station talk and pass it to you next, this is common courtesy.
FreeDMR
| Country | Talk Groups | Name |
| Worldwide | 91 | Worldwide |
| USA | 3100 | USA Nationwide |
| USA | 31001 | N. A. TAC 1 |
| USA | 31002 | N. A. TAC 2 |
| USA | 31003 | N. A. TAC 3 |
| USA | 31004 | N. A. TAC 4 |
| USA | 31005 | N. A. TAC 5 |
| USA | 31006 | N. A. TAC 6 |
| USA | 31007 | N. A. TAC 7 |
| USA | 31008 | N. A. TAC 8 |
| USA | 31009 | N. A. TAC 9 |
| USA | 3126 | Michigan |
Listen to this page
I would recommend a Google search for your radio as many have videos on how to set up.
- TOT (Radio Timeout Timer) Should be set to 180 seconds.
- Admit Criteria/TX Permit Etc = Channel Free or Same Color Code. –
“Never set to Always.”
1st You need to add the Talk Group to contacts/talk groups as a GROUP CALL.
2350 – Group Call.
2351 – Group Call.
2352 – Group Call.
91 – Group Call.
etc.
2nd Make up a channel for each Talk Group you wish to use.
Simplex Hotspots = Slot 2.
Repeaters and Duplex Hotspot = Slot 1 & Slot 2.
3rd Add each channel to a Zone.
4th Save Codeplug.
5th Send Codeplug to radio.
Turn radio to required ZONE and channel.
PTT to call that Talk Group.
Now you can TX and RX in that Talk Group.
https://www.freedmr.uk/index.php/access-talk-groups-via-channels/
“Dial-a-TG” Enhanced Talk Groups
Listen to this page
Time Slot 2 implements Enhanced Talk Groups Dial-a-TG.
How to use FreeDMR Repeaters Dial-a-TG
The way to use the Dial-a-TG Is to program the radio with TG 9 on Time Slot 2.
*Add 9 in contact / talk group as GROUP CALL.
Make a Channel up for Talk Group 9 and then add to a Zone you wish to use it in.
This is the only Talk group you will need for a QSO on Dial-a-TG.
TO LINK A TALK GROUP.
Link to a Talk Group via Manual Dial “Private Call” from your radio –
Use Up/Down Arrow keys to increase or decrease volume.
Menu – Contact – Manual Dial – enter Talk Group number 2350 – PTT for up to 3 sec.
Or Menu – Talk Group – Manual Dial – enter Talk Group number 2350 – PTT for up to 3 sec.= Manual Dial 2350 Private Call, PTT for up to 3 sec.
The repeater/hotspot will respond with a voice announcement “Linked to 2350.“
“Voice announcements come back on 5000.”
*Then via Talk Group 9 you can QSO on that Talk Group.
You can link to any Talk Group as described above.
- You will need Hang Time for Private Call or Person Call set to 3 sec in the CPS.
- This will drop the Private Call back to TG9 in 3 seconds to QSO on the Talk Group.
TO UNLINK.
Manual Dial 4000 Private Call, PTT for up to 3 sec.
The repeater / hotspot will respond with a voice announcement “Not Linked”.
You can move to a new Talk Group without doing a 4000. Just call the next Talk Group as above and PTT for up to 3 sec.
Would be recommended to make a 4000 unlink channel. Add 4000 as a Private call to the radio. Set TG9 in the RX Group. Now when you get a GAP in RX you can PTT and unlink.
GET STATUS.
To enquire about the Talk Group linked. Manual Dial 5000 Private Call, PTT and the repeater/hotspot will respond with the currently linked Talk Group.
TIME OUT.
Hotspots will stay linked to a called Talk Group for 999 mins. (16 hours)
Or for the time you have set Options: Timer=15.
Repeaters will stay linked to a called Talk Group depending on what has been set in UA .Timer (example 15mins). Each Repeater can set the Time Out length as they so wish.
ECHO.
Manual Dial 9990 Private Call, PTT for up to 3 sec. The repeater/hotspot will respond with a voice announcement “Linked to 9990.”
Then Via TG9 talk and when you un PTT Echo will respond back.
You do not need to use TG9 on Slot 2 .
You can access Talk Groups in the normal way via pre made channels on One/Both Slots.
https://www.freedmr.uk/index.php/linking-to-talk-groups-via-tg9/
Yaesu System Fusion (YSF)
| YSF Number | Description | YSF DTMF | DMR2YSF TG | DMR2YSF TG | ||
| via DMRGateway | ||||||
| 65911 | ————-USA | #65911 | TG 65911 | TG 7065911 | ||
| 11111 | -RAMSES-USA | #11111 | TG 11111 | TG 7011111 | ||
| 64230 | America-RC | #64230 | TG 64230 | TG 7064230 | ||
| 32592 | US-America-Link | #32592 | TG 32592 | TG 7032592 | ||
| 92160 | US-EasternMILink | #92160 | TG 92160 | TG 7092160 | ||
| 10200 | US-North-America | #10200 | TG 10200 | TG 7010200 | ||
| 70778 | US-WHOCARES2 | #70778 | TG 70778 | TG 7070778 | ||
| 70777 | US-WHOCARES | #70777 | TG 70777 | TG 7070777 | ||
YSF Reflectors
Operating with a YSF Reflector
YSF and FCS are two different reflector systems that can be used with Yaesu’s System Fusion. YSF, FCS, WiRES-X, and IMRS are three INDEPENDENT networking systems. Hotspots can only connect to YSF or FCS reflectors. A station on a given reflector system can only talk to other stations on that system unless the system has been bridged.
YSF Reflectors have a name such as “US MNWis RDNT”. They are also referenced via a 5-digit code, such as “21493”. A 5-digit code was chosen since WiRES-X also uses a 5-digit code. This allows hotspot software, such as Pi-star, to use the WiRES-X control capability in Yaesu radios to change the YSF reflector that the hotspot is connected to.
It is important to note that the 5-digit YSF code is not necessarily the same as the 5-digit WiRES-X code. For example, AmericaLink is on WiRES-X Room #21,080. The AmericaLink YSF Reflector is #89804. The WiRES-X Room and the YSF Reflector are connected together because of a bridge operated by AmericaLink. Note that some YSF Reflectors and their bridged WiRES-X room use the same number. More info here.
A list of all YSF Reflectors is available here: YSF Reflectors
Operating a YSF Reflector
YSF reflectors are traditionally operated by individuals. The process involves:
- Download the YSF Reflector source code from Github.com
- Install the build tools for your platform (Visual Studio for Windows and “build-tools-essential” for Linux.
- Perform the build, install necessary files, and adjust configuration files.
- Open an incoming port (usually 42,000) and route it through the firewall to the program.
We’re trying to make this process easier. Soon we will publish a Windows executable that you can use to run on the same computer that runs your WiRES-X node. We’ll also publish binaries for the Raspberry Pi. As a third option, the YSF reflector can be hoasted in the “cloud”.
The “HamOperator” version of the program is a branch from the software that is in common use. However, we’re making some changes:
- Fix existing bugs
- Provide filters to prevent network traffic from messing up WiRES-X nodes. (Drop ‘DW’ packets, WiRES-X commands, packets with bad data, etc.)
- Provide better logging that is more lightweight than the current PHP-based dashboard.
- Provide more extensive control over how the reflector operates by selecting different options and features via the configuration file.
- Better compatibility with a popular network by creating black lists and white lists of stations based on callsign and/or DP-ID.
- Future integration with other Fusion network components.
On an experimental basis, we can support multiple YSF reflector instances in the cloud. This allows any number of servers to be coordinated and operate in the cloud permitting easier maintenance and simplified support.
Hosting
A YSF reflector needs to run on a computer – somewhere. This computer needs at least one port publicly exposed to the Internet so it can be reached by calling nodes. Most Hams will host their reflector on their home internet. This normally works okay, but can lead to problems:
- There is no backup for the Internet service. If the service goes down for maintenance by the ISP or you need to reboot your router, rewire things, or you’re out of town when the computer crashes, your users may experience an outage.
- A home ISP does not design their network for servers to be operating in the home. They are optimized for streaming data to you, not from you. Hence there may be bandwidth issues if your reflector becomes popular – especially while the family is streaming Netflix!
- It’s not entirely about bandwidth. A lot of connections means a lot of small packets need to get in and out of your home very quickly. ISPs do not optimize for this and home routers may become overloaded with the large number of packets along with the large routing tables it needs to maintain for a large number of connections.
- Computers can break and need to be replaced. Even if you have a spare on hand, it may take time to get the new computer up and running.
- Your IP address may be assigned dynamically and there will be an issue for people connecting if your home IP address changes.
So hosting your reflector at home can work well, there are significant advantages to hosting “in the cloud”. Using “cloud services” you can host your reflector on a “rented” computer in a commercial hosting center. These centers typically offer multiple routes to the Internet Backbone, very high symmetrical bandwidth, provide emergency power, are protected from natural (or man-made) disasters, and have redundant hardware. Typically your “computer in the cloud” will be a virtual machine running along with many other virtual machines on a single, much larger, computer.
The cloud computer typically runs a version of Linux. (Windows servers need to pay a Microsoft license fee. This, along with greater hardware requirements, means that a Windows cloud server will typically cost much more.) The cloud computer has no GUI and is run by using SSH to bring up a terminal window. From the command line you can make modifications, install software, transfer files, and manage your server applications.
You typically run the computer from a dashboard provided by the hosting company. From this dashboard you can start your computer, configure it (number of CPUs, RAM, etc.), and stop it. Virtual servers can be charged by the month or by the hour. In the latter case you are not charged when you “destroy” or erase it. The pricing is based on the amount of CPU power you need and RAM. In some cases you may be charged for bandwidth, disk storage, etc.
If you’ve heard of Microsoft’s Azure, or Amazon’s AWS, these are cloud services that you can buy.
Costs can vary widely depending on the vendor and can be as high as $75/mo, or less than $5/mo. Using a smaller provider (not Amazon, Microsoft, or Google) can result in a lot of capability for not much money.
The reflectors listed above are running on a single Linux machine (1 CPU, 1 GB RAM) that costs $6/mo. to operate. It probably has enough capacity to run 20 – 50 reflectors. An advantage of hosting is that all of the reflectors can run the same copy of the reflector software.
https://wp.hamoperator.com/hotspots/ysf-reflectors/
Fusion Help
How do I set up a new Fusion radio? What’s Group Mode and how do I use it? Where do I figure out what firmware version I have? Okay, I just have questions about Fusion!
Well, this is the spot. This page contains links to documents written by Hams who were trying to do what you want to do and figured it out. (And wrote it down.) Check back frequently as we will be making constant additions to this resource.
If you spot any errors or have suggestions, contact K9EQ.
Help for Users
WiRES-X, The Bible 2nd Edition preliminary draft for comments Updated 1-Feb-2021
The WiRES-X Bible by WB7OEV Updated 26-Jun-2016
Firmware and Software Versions Updated 2-May-2022 (FTD5 1.11 main and ADMS-14)
FT1/2DR Power Management and Battery Performance 4-Jun-2016
Using the FT-991 with Ham Radio Deluxe Updated 03-Oct-2016
Fusion Tips and Tricks 10-Apr-2016
Changing time zones or DST 13-Mar-2016
Remote and Microphone Extension Cables for the FTM-400DR 19-Apr-2015
Technical Help
Out-of-The-Box (OTB) DR-1 Interface – linking to analog systems – without any lock-ups 25-Mar-2016
DR-1X Technical Supplement – Includes schematics and wiring diagrams
FTM-100 Tx Power Adjustment 24-Apr-2017
DR-1 Repeater Setup Guide 18-June-2015
Google group to discuss Fusion interfaces:
https://groups.google.com/forum/embed/?place=forum/fusioninterfaces
Fusion Information
Fusion Identification Cheat Sheet – model numbers, serial numbers, Tx ID, and more Updated 30-Aug-2021
Fusion Resources 9-Sep-2018
WiRES-X Node Information
Windows Tips and Troubleshooting – added USB power management 26-Sep-2016
Presentations
Why Digital? Simple and Powerful (pdf)
Downloads
FT1-DR 2.04 firmware USA only (In case you’re having troubles with the radio randomly stopping digital reception with firmware version 2.07) This has been an issue since April 2016 – amazing it has not been fixed as of 23-Oct-2016!!!!! Note: It is not necessary to downgrade the DSP.
Fusion-Oriented Groups
MNWis: http://HamOperator.com
America Link: http://www.AmericaLinkNetwork.com
CQ-UK: http://www.cq-uk.com
LA Repeater: http://www.socalham.com
Hobbyscoop (Dutch): http://www.hobbyscoop.nl
Nevada: http://www.NVCARS.org
The Wolf Den: http://www.wo1ves.com
Wires-X Italia (Italy): http://www.WIRES-X-ITALIA.it
WiRES-X Russia (Russia): http://WWW.C4FM.RU
Pegasus Multi-IX (Germany): https://projekt-pegasus.net
Southern Tier – NY: http://www.ysf-elmira-ny.com
All JA-CQ (Japan): http://cqwires.com/20510/?page_id=10
Digital Wide-Area Network: http://www.dwarn.org
https://wp.hamoperator.com/fusion/links/
Comparing D-Star, YSF, and DMR
Digital communication technologies have revolutionized the world of amateur radio, providing new opportunities for hams to communicate with others over long distances. Three popular digital modes are D-Star, YSF, and DMR. In this post, we will compare these modes and highlight their similarities and differences.
D-Star
D-Star is an abbreviation of Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio. Developed by the Japan Amateur Radio League (JARL), D-Star is a digital voice and data protocol that uses frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) to allow multiple users to share a single frequency. D-Star operates on either 2 meters, 70 cm or 23 cm amateur radio bands.
One of the unique features of D-Star is the ability to connect to reflectors, which are servers that allow hams to communicate with others worldwide. D-Star repeaters are installed in most countries around the world, with a large concentration in Japan and the United States. The reflector system enables users to connect to other repeaters, gateways or users from anywhere in the world, provided they are within range of a D-Star repeater.
Additionally, D-Star radios have built-in GPS receivers, which can transmit location data to other hams. D-Star also supports emergency communications with features such as a distress call button and an automatic location reporting system. These features make it popular among emergency responders, such as search and rescue teams.
YSF
YSF is an abbreviation of Yaesu System Fusion, developed by Yaesu, one of the leading manufacturers of amateur radio equipment. Like D-Star, YSF is a digital voice and data protocol that uses FDMA. One of the key features of YSF is its ability to support both digital and analog communications on the same frequency, making it backwards compatible with existing analog FM radios.
YSF also allows for connecting to rooms, which are servers similar to D-Star’s reflectors, but with a slightly different architecture. Rooms can be hosted by any YSF-capable radio or repeater, and users can connect to these rooms from anywhere in the world, provided they have access to a YSF-capable radio or hotspot.
YSF radios also have the ability to transmit location data, although it requires an external GPS receiver. YSF is an open standard, and many manufacturers support this mode, making it a popular choice among hams.
DMR
DMR stands for Digital Mobile Radio, and it is a digital voice and data protocol that uses time-division multiple access (TDMA) to allow two users to share a single frequency. DMR is widely used in commercial and public safety communications due to its ability to transmit multiple conversations simultaneously on the same frequency.
DMR supports both voice and data communications and offers features such as call alert, text messaging, and location tracking. DMR also has a network of repeaters and talk groups, which allow users to communicate with others worldwide. DMR radios typically do not have built-in GPS receivers, but some models support external GPS receivers.
One of the unique features of DMR is the ability to operate in two time slots on a single frequency. This allows for two separate conversations to take place simultaneously, doubling the capacity of the system. DMR radios also offer privacy options, including encryption, which can be important for commercial and public safety communications.
Comparison
All three modes are digital and offer advanced features not available in traditional analog modes. D-Star and YSF use FDMA, which allows multiple users to share a single frequency, while DMR uses TDMA, which allows two users to share a single frequency.
D-Star and YSF support connecting to reflectors or rooms, which enables users to communicate with others worldwide. DMR also supports a network of repeaters and talk groups, which provide users with access to a wide range of communication options.
In summary, each of these digital modes offers unique features and benefits for amateur radio operators. D-Star is widely used and has an extensive network of repeaters and reflectors, making it a popular choice for many hams. YSF offers backward compatibility with analog FM radios and is an open standard, making it easy for manufacturers to support. DMR is widely used in commercial and public safety communications due to its ability to transmit multiple conversations simultaneously.
Ultimately, the choice of digital mode will depend on your personal preference and the features you need for your specific use case. Regardless of which mode you choose, the important thing is to embrace the opportunities that digital communication technologies offer and enjoy the world of amateur radio.
https://wx4wcs.com/comparing-d-star-ysf-and-dmr/
Topics for future DMR Tech Nets:
- Go over the Digimon feature to explain what it is, how and why to use it.
- Private calling on your DMR radio. How to set it up on your equipment.
- What’s involved with being a NCS (Net Control Station)?
- Do you contribute to the DMR networks/modes you utilize? Why or why not?
- Firmware and software radio updates.
- Hot Keys. What are they, why use them, and how to set them up.
- DMR tips. Like what Steve KC8WXM mentioned to better (and faster) utilize DMR features.
- Adding or changing DMR channels via keypad programming.
- How to update your DMR digital contacts via https://radioid.net/
- Asking check-ins what they know now that they didn’t know when they started with DMR that would be helpful to other beginners (Elmering).
- A timeline to get started of essential things to do with DMR and why.
- Which DMR radio do you use the most & why?
- Proper DMR practices & procedures to use on-air.
- DMR text messaging
- Advanced features of the Anytone 878 handheld and 578 mobile radio.
- Going over the different DMR networks (Brandmeister, TGIF, M17, DMR+, YSF, etc).
- Useful radio accessories to use with your DMR equipment.
- Unique names used instead of the amateur radio alpha codes.
- Antennas for handheld, mobile, and home radios.
- Logging software.
- QSL cards Do you send them out?
- Repeaters, hotspots, or both? Which do you use and why?
- WPSD hotspot dashboard.
- APRS & GPS setup and usage.
- Custom call signs.
- What are your predictions for the DMR world in 2024?
- What networks and talk groups do you use, and why?
- What features do you wish your DMR radio had?