DMR Tech Net Monday night at 7:30pm ET we’re talking about DMR Hotspots!

Posted on September 18, 2024

We’re on Brandmeister talk group 31266, the Michigan Nets channel, for the DMR Tech Net on Monday, September 9th from 7:30pm ET – 8:25pm ET.  We end the show early to give you time to QSY to the Michigan One DMR Net that follows us at 8:30pm, but it is on BrandMeister talk group 3126.

Join us Monday night as the DMR Tech Net team members discuss DMR hotspots.  We’d love to hear if you use a DMR hotspot along with your thoughts and comments about them, so check in!

Join us as we demystify and have fun with DMR (Digital Mobile Radio) every Monday night!  And don’t forget to join us Tuesday night for DMR Tech Net TV on Zoom.  Log in details are listed later in this newsletter.

You can always chat with the DMR Tech Net team on TGIF talk group 31268, the DMR Tech Net channel or Brandmeister talk group 31266, the Michigan Nets channel.

If you want to subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, send an email to subscribe@dmrtechnet.net with your instructions and we’ll take care of it.  If you want to see previous newsletters, check out our website: https://dmrtechnet.net/

First, an update about BrandMeister talk group 3126, the statewide Michigan calling channel.  It seems now that people from other states, countries, and continents CAN use this talk group.  Keep in mind that BrandMeister statewide (4-digit) talk groups are calling channels and have a 10-minute QSO limit.  Move to another talk group like BM 31264 Michigan TAC, or BM 31266, Michigan Nets channel so you don’t go over the 10-minute limit and get talk group banned.

A DMR hotspot is a personal, low-power digital radio frequency device that connects your Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) handheld or mobile radio to the internet, allowing you to access DMR networks without needing to be within range of a local DMR repeater. It serves as a bridge between your DMR radio and various digital radio networks (like BrandMeister, TGIF, or DMR-MARC) using your home internet connection, cellular data, or other internet sources.

Key Components of a DMR Hotspot:

  1. Radio Module: This is the core component of the hotspot that operates on UHF or VHF frequencies (typically UHF) and communicates directly with your DMR radio.
  2. Microcontroller or Single-Board Computer (SBC): Most DMR hotspots use microcontrollers like the Raspberry Pi (e.g., Raspberry Pi Zero) or other small boards to manage data flow between the radio module and the internet.
  3. Internet Connection: The hotspot connects to the internet via Wi-Fi or Ethernet. It uses this connection to communicate with various DMR networks and servers.
  4. Software (Pi-Star, OpenSpot, etc.): Software like Pi-Star (the most common for DIY hotspots) or proprietary software for devices like SharkRF OpenSpot controls the functionality of the hotspot, managing network connections, radio frequency settings, and other configurations.
  5. Power Source: Hotspots are usually powered by a USB connection, often from a power bank, USB port, or wall adapter.

How a DMR Hotspot Works:

  1. Radio-to-Hotspot Communication: Your DMR radio communicates with the hotspot using a local simplex frequency (e.g., 433.550 MHz). This is a low-power signal intended for short-range communication within a few meters.
  2. Hotspot-to-Internet Communication: The hotspot receives your digital transmission and converts it to an internet protocol (IP) data stream. It then sends this data to the designated DMR server or network via the internet.
  3. Network-to-Internet Communication: The DMR network processes the digital data and routes it to the appropriate talk group or reflector based on the channel and talk group configuration.
  4. Internet-to-Hotspot Communication: When another operator transmits on the same talk group, their digital signal is sent back through the DMR network and reaches your hotspot via the internet.
  5. Hotspot-to-Radio Communication: Your hotspot converts the received digital IP data back to a radio signal on the simplex frequency, allowing you to hear the other operator’s transmission on your DMR radio.

Types of DMR Hotspots:

  1. Simplex Hotspot:
    • A simplex hotspot operates on a single frequency and can only handle one transmission at a time. It is the most common type for individual users.
    • Examples: ZumSpot, MMDVM Pi-Star Hotspot, JumboSpot, DVMEGA, etc.
  2. Duplex Hotspot:
    • A duplex hotspot uses two frequencies (one for transmit and one for receive), allowing for simultaneous communication similar to a repeater. This is useful for more advanced operations and allows for full-duplex communication.
    • Examples: MMDVM Duplex Hotspot, DVMEGA BlueStack, etc.
  3. Proprietary Hotspot Devices:
    • Some hotspots, like the SharkRF OpenSpot series, come as complete, plug-and-play solutions with their own software and hardware, often with additional features like cross-mode operation (e.g., DMR to D-STAR or YSF).

Benefits of Using a DMR Hotspot:

  • Extended Coverage: Provides DMR coverage in areas where there are no repeaters nearby.
  • Access to Multiple Networks: Allows you to connect to different DMR networks (BrandMeister, TGIF, DMR+, etc.) and talk groups from anywhere with internet access.
  • Portable and Flexible: Small and easy to set up, allowing for mobile use with a power bank or portable internet hotspot.
  • Cross-Mode Capabilities: Some hotspots support cross-mode operation, allowing communication between different digital modes (e.g., DMR to Yaesu System Fusion (YSF) or D-STAR).

Common Use Cases:

  • Home Use: Create a local DMR access point where repeaters are unavailable.
  • Mobile/Portable Operation: Use with a mobile hotspot or portable power supply while traveling.
  • Experimentation and Learning: A great tool for amateur radio enthusiasts to learn digital modes and explore DMR networks.

Setting up and using a DMR hotspot involves configuring the hardware and software to connect your DMR radio to various digital networks over the internet. Here’s a comprehensive guide to get your DMR hotspot up and running:

Step-by-Step Guide to Setting Up a DMR Hotspot:

  1. Gather the Necessary Equipment:
  • DMR Hotspot Device: Choose a DMR hotspot such as a ZumSpot, MMDVM Pi-Star Hotspot, SharkRF OpenSpot, JumboSpot, etc.
  • Single-Board Computer (if applicable): Many hotspots use a Raspberry Pi Zero, Pi 3, or Pi 4. Some hotspots like the OpenSpot are standalone.
  • MicroSD Card (8GB or larger): For running the operating system (e.g., Pi-Star) if using a Raspberry Pi.
  • DMR Radio: A DMR handheld or mobile radio (e.g., Anytone, TYT, Motorola, etc.).
  • Power Supply or USB Power Cable: To power the hotspot device.
  • Internet Connection: Wi-Fi or Ethernet access to connect your hotspot to the internet.
  1. Install the Required Software:
  • Pi-Star Image (for MMDVM-based hotspots):
    • Download the Pi-Star software image from the Pi-Star website.
    • Use a tool like balenaEtcher or Rufus to flash the Pi-Star image onto the microSD card.
  1. Assemble the Hotspot Hardware:
  • Insert the microSD Card into the Raspberry Pi or similar SBC used in your hotspot.
  • Connect the Radio Module (e.g., MMDVM) to the Raspberry Pi or controller board.
  • Attach Antenna and Power Supply to the hotspot device.
  1. Initial Configuration of Pi-Star:
  • Power Up the Hotspot: Connect it to a power source and allow it to boot up. This may take a few minutes.
  • Access the Pi-Star Configuration Portal:
    • Connect your computer or smartphone to the Wi-Fi network “Pi-Star-Setup”, which the hotspot will broadcast during initial setup.
    • Open a web browser and go to http://pi-star.local/ or the IP address provided (e.g., 192.168.50.1).
  • Set Up Wi-Fi for Internet Access:
    • Navigate to “Configuration” in the Pi-Star dashboard.
    • Enter your home Wi-Fi SSID and password under “Wireless Configuration” and click “Save and Connect”. Your hotspot will reboot and connect to your home network.
  1. Configure DMR Settings in Pi-Star:
  • Open Pi-Star Configuration Page: After connecting to your home network, access the Pi-Star dashboard again using the new IP address (find it on your router’s client list).
  • Set the “Controller Mode” to “Simplex” or “Duplex” (depending on your hotspot type).
  • Enter Your DMR ID:
    • Obtain a DMR ID from RadioID.net if you don’t have one.
    • Enter your DMR ID in the “General Configuration” section.
  • Choose the Correct Frequency:
    • Set a simplex frequency for your hotspot (e.g., 433.550 MHz or any other frequency within your local band plan for digital use).
    • Ensure this frequency does not conflict with local repeaters or other hotspots.
  • Select DMR Network:
    • Choose the DMR Master server (e.g., BrandMeister, TGIF, etc.) you want to connect to. For BrandMeister, select your nearest regional server.
    • If using BrandMeister, enter your Hotspot Security Password (set up on your BrandMeister Selfcare account).
  1. Configure Additional Settings:
  • Time Slot, Color Code, and Talk Groups:
    • Use Time Slot 2 for most simplex hotspots.
    • Set the Color Code to 1 (or whatever is appropriate for your network).
    • Configure static talk groups (if any) or use the radio to dynamically link talk groups as needed.
  • Enable DMR Mode in Pi-Star and configure other digital modes if you want to use cross-mode features.
  1. Save and Reboot the Hotspot:
  • After entering all the settings, click “Apply Changes” and wait for the hotspot to reboot.
  1. Program Your DMR Radio:
  • Program the Simplex Frequency: Set up a new channel on your DMR radio with the frequency that matches your hotspot.
  • Set Time Slot and Color Code: Use the same Time Slot and Color Code you configured in Pi-Star.
  • Add Talk Groups: Program talk groups you wish to access (e.g., Local, Worldwide, Regional, etc.) to your radio. Use a unique contact ID for each talk group.
  1. Test Your DMR Hotspot:
  • Select the Hotspot Channel on Your Radio: Choose the channel you programmed to communicate with your hotspot.
  • Key Up on a Talk Group: Hold the PTT button and make a call to a talk group (e.g., “This is [your call sign] testing.”)
  • Listen for Feedback: Check if your transmission is received. You should also hear transmissions from other operators on the selected talk group.
  1. Monitor and Adjust Hotspot Performance:
  • Pi-Star Dashboard: Access the Pi-Star dashboard to monitor activity, signal levels, and errors.
  • Adjust Settings: If you notice issues like poor audio or connection problems, adjust settings such as RX Offset, TX Offset, or network preferences.
  1. Regular Maintenance:
  • Update Pi-Star Software: Keep your Pi-Star and radio firmware up to date for optimal performance and compatibility.
  • Reboot and Monitor: Periodically reboot your hotspot and monitor network traffic and connectivity.

Additional Tips:

  • Use a Unique Frequency: Make sure your hotspot frequency is unique and not interfering with other devices.
  • Secure Your Hotspot: Change default passwords for security and avoid unauthorized access.
  • Join DMR Communities: Engage with online communities and forums for tips, updates, and troubleshooting.

Configuring advanced settings on a DMR hotspot can optimize performance, enhance audio quality, and provide additional functionality, such as cross-mode operations or network-specific features. Below is a detailed guide on configuring advanced settings for a typical DMR hotspot using Pi-Star (a popular firmware used with MMDVM-based hotspots).

Advanced Settings Configuration for a DMR Hotspot Using Pi-Star:

  1. Access Pi-Star Expert Settings:
  • Open your web browser and go to the Pi-Star dashboard by entering the hotspot’s IP address (e.g., http://pi-star.local/ or the specific IP shown on your router’s device list).
  • Click on the “Configuration” menu and log in using your Pi-Star username and password (default is username: pi-star and password: raspberry).
  • Scroll down to the bottom of the Configuration page and click on “Expert” to access advanced settings.
  1. Adjust Modem (MMDVMHost) Settings:
  • Select “MMDVMHost” under the Expert Editor section. Here you can fine-tune various parameters for the MMDVM modem.
    • RXOffset and TXOffset:
      • These settings help correct frequency deviation errors that can cause poor audio quality or missed transmissions. The offsets are usually in steps of 100 Hz. Start with small adjustments (e.g., 0, +100, -100) and test for optimal performance.
      • Typical values range from -500 to +500, but this can vary based on your specific hardware.
    • TXInvert and RXInvert:
      • Some radios may require inverted signals to properly decode transmissions. Change TXInvert and RXInvert to 1 or 0 as needed to match your radio’s requirements.
    • Duplex and Simplex Hotspot Settings:
      • For duplex hotspots, set the Duplex mode to 1 (enabled) and configure separate frequencies for transmit (TX) and receive (RX).
      • For simplex hotspots, ensure Duplex mode is set to 0 (disabled).
    • DMR Color Code:
      • Typically set to 1, but this can be adjusted to match your network or repeater requirements.
    • DMR Network Parameters:
      • Slot 1 and Slot 2 Settings: Control whether you transmit on Time Slot 1 or Time Slot 2 (important for duplex hotspots).
      • DMR ESSID: This unique identifier is appended to your DMR ID for identifying multiple hotspots associated with a single ID. Useful if you have multiple hotspots.
  1. Configure Network-Specific Options:
  • Navigate to “DMR GW” (Gateway) under Expert Editor if you want to use multiple DMR networks or need advanced network routing settings.
    • BrandMeister API Key and Hotspot Security:
      • If using the BrandMeister network, enter your API Key (generated from your BrandMeister Selfcare account) to enable advanced control, such as dynamic talk group linking from the Pi-Star dashboard.
      • Set up Hotspot Security Password in Pi-Star to match the password set in your BrandMeister Selfcare. This is required for newer versions of the BrandMeister network for security.
    • TGIF, DMR+, or other DMR Networks:
      • Enter the specific network settings for TGIF, DMR+, or other networks you intend to use.
      • Configure static talk groups if desired, which will remain active on your hotspot.
  • Network Selection and Routing:
    • You can enable multiple networks under DMR Configuration in the Expert Editor and route specific talk groups to different networks if needed.
  1. Fine-Tune Pi-Star Dashboard Settings:
  • Click on “Dashboard” under Expert Editor:
    • Display Settings:
      • Customize the dashboard display to show additional data or metrics like DMR network status, TX/RX status, CPU temperature, and more.
    • Time Announcements and Voice Alerts:
      • Configure periodic time announcements, voice alerts for status changes, or link activity.
  1. Configure Cross-Mode Settings (if applicable):
  • If you have a cross-mode capable hotspot (e.g., SharkRF OpenSpot or an advanced MMDVM-based device), you can configure the hotspot to translate between digital modes (e.g., DMR to D-STAR, YSF, NXDN).
    • YSF2DMR, DMR2YSF, NXDN2DMR, etc.:
      • Enable these modes in the Configuration page and set the appropriate parameters like YSF Reflector, DMR Master, and network settings.
      • Adjust network and mode-specific parameters under each mode tab.
  1. Enable and Configure Remote Access:
  • SSH Access:
    • If you want to access Pi-Star from a remote terminal, enable SSH (Secure Shell) access under the Configuration page. This allows advanced users to run commands directly on the Pi-Star OS for more granular control.
  • Firewall and Remote Management:
    • Configure Firewall settings to limit access only to trusted IP addresses or set specific port forwarding rules on your router for remote management.
  1. Adjust Audio and Signal Quality Settings:
  • In “MMDVMHost” settings, fine-tune:
    • TXPower and RXPower: Adjust power settings to reduce noise or optimize signal strength.
    • Modem Parameters: Adjust modem settings like BER Threshold, RSSI Threshold, and De-Emphasis for optimal audio clarity.
  1. Save and Reboot:
  • After making changes in any advanced setting, always click “Apply Changes” and reboot your hotspot to ensure that all new settings take effect.
  1. Monitor Performance and Adjust as Needed:
  • Use the Pi-Star dashboard and logs to monitor the performance of your hotspot, checking for any errors, poor BER (Bit Error Rate), or network issues.
  • Make incremental adjustments based on the performance data to optimize operation.

Additional Tips:

  • Backup Your Configuration: Before making major changes, use the “Backup/Restore” function in Pi-Star to save your current configuration. This allows you to revert back if needed.
  • Keep Software Updated: Regularly check for Pi-Star updates by clicking on “Update” in the Configuration menu.
  • Join Online Communities: DMR and Pi-Star communities, forums, and groups (like on Facebook, Reddit, or specific forums) can provide valuable insights and troubleshooting advice.

By configuring these advanced settings, you can maximize the performance, flexibility, and functionality of your DMR hotspot for an optimal digital radio experience.

As of 2024, the best-selling DMR (Digital Mobile Radio) hotspots are popular for their functionality, ease of use, multi-mode support, and strong community backing. The popularity of these hotspots can vary based on features like portability, cross-mode capabilities, and build quality. Here are some of the top-selling DMR hotspots in the market:

  1. SkyBridge Max Dual-Band Digital Hotspot
  • Manufacturer: BridgeCom Systems
  • Features: Supports DMR, D-STAR, YSF, NXDN, P25, and POCSAG modes. The SkyBridge Plus is a dual-band hotspot, meaning it supports both VHF and UHF frequencies. It’s known for its user-friendly interface and plug-and-play setup, making it a favorite among beginners and experienced users alike. It also comes with an OLED screen for real-time monitoring and can be updated and managed remotely.
  • Pros: Easy setup, robust build quality, supports multiple digital modes, and is compatible with various digital networks.
  • Cons: Higher price point compared to some other options.
  1. ZumSpot USB Stick or PiHat Hotspot
  • Manufacturer: ZumRadio
  • Features: Available as a USB stick or PiHat (for Raspberry Pi), ZumSpot is a versatile, compact hotspot that supports DMR, D-STAR, YSF, NXDN, P25, and more. The USB stick version can be easily plugged into a computer or Raspberry Pi, while the PiHat version integrates directly with Raspberry Pi boards. It’s favored for its flexibility and compatibility with Pi-Star software.
  • Pros: Compact design, easy to set up, multi-mode support, good community support.
  • Cons: Requires some technical knowledge for initial configuration.
  1. OpenSpot 4 Pro
  • Manufacturer: SharkRF
  • Features: The OpenSpot 4 Pro is a standalone, cross-mode digital hotspot that supports DMR, D-STAR, YSF, P25, and more. It is known for its excellent cross-mode functionality, allowing users to operate between different digital modes seamlessly. It features an internal battery, making it highly portable, and comes with an intuitive web-based interface for configuration.
  • Pros: High portability, cross-mode operation, supports multiple digital modes, good battery life.
  • Cons: Higher price compared to simpler hotspots; firmware updates are needed for continued performance.
  1. JumboSpot or JumboSpot Clone (MMDVM Hotspot)
  • Manufacturer: Various (clones of the original JumboSpot)
  • Features: The JumboSpot is one of the most affordable and widely used hotspots among ham radio enthusiasts. It supports DMR, D-STAR, YSF, NXDN, and P25 modes and is built on the MMDVM (Multi-Mode Digital Voice Modem) platform. It’s typically paired with a Raspberry Pi Zero or 3/4, making it a DIY-friendly option.
  • Pros: Affordable, highly customizable, large community support.
  • Cons: May require technical expertise for setup and troubleshooting, build quality varies by manufacturer.
  1. TGIF Spot
  • Manufacturer: TGIF
  • Features: This hotspot is optimized for use with the TGIF network but is also compatible with other networks like BrandMeister. It is designed to be user-friendly and is often preferred by users who want to access the TGIF network’s custom talk groups.
  • Pros: Easy to use, optimized for TGIF Network, supports multiple digital modes.
  • Cons: Limited to features that are most useful on the TGIF network, less cross-mode flexibility compared to OpenSpot.
  1. DVMEGA Cast
  • Manufacturer: DVMEGA
  • Features: This is a unique hotspot with a built-in microphone and speaker, essentially functioning as a digital radio station. It supports DMR, D-STAR, and YSF and has a large color touchscreen for easy operation.
  • Pros: All-in-one design with audio capabilities, supports multiple modes.
  • Cons: Larger and less portable compared to other options; higher price point.

Conclusion:

When choosing a DMR hotspot, consider factors like digital mode support, ease of setup, portability, cross-mode capabilities, and budget. The SkyBridge Plus, ZumSpot, and OpenSpot 4 Pro are among the most popular choices for their robust feature sets, while the JumboSpot remains a favorite for those looking for affordability and customization. Each hotspot offers a unique set of advantages tailored to different user needs.

Building your own DMR hotspot is a great way to customize your digital radio experience and save money. A DMR hotspot acts as a personal digital repeater that connects to the internet and allows your DMR radio to access digital networks like BrandMeister, DMR+, and others. Below is a step-by-step guide to building a DMR hotspot using commonly available components:

Components Needed:

  1. Raspberry Pi: You can use a Raspberry Pi Zero W, 3B+, 4, or similar single-board computer.
  2. MMDVM (Multi-Mode Digital Voice Modem) Hat: This board interfaces with the Raspberry Pi to handle digital radio modes such as DMR, D-STAR, YSF, NXDN, and P25. Popular choices are JumboSpot, ZumSpot, N5BOC’s Simplex MMDVM, etc.
  3. MicroSD Card (8GB or larger): For the operating system and Pi-Star software.
  4. Power Supply: A 5V power supply (at least 2A) for the Raspberry Pi.
  5. OLED Display (optional): A small screen to display status information like frequency, mode, and callsigns.
  6. Enclosure: A case for the Raspberry Pi and MMDVM board to keep everything secure and compact.
  7. Wi-Fi Connection: To connect the hotspot to the internet.

Step-by-Step Guide to Building Your Own DMR Hotspot:

Step 1: Prepare the Raspberry Pi

  1. Install Pi-Star on the MicroSD Card:
    • Download the latest Pi-Star image from the Pi-Star website.
    • Use a tool like Balena Etcher to write the Pi-Star image to the MicroSD card.
    • Once written, insert the MicroSD card into your Raspberry Pi.
  2. Initial Boot and Configuration:
    • Power on the Raspberry Pi by connecting it to a 5V power supply.
    • Wait a few minutes for the Pi-Star system to initialize. The hotspot will create a Wi-Fi access point named “Pi-Star-Setup.”
    • Connect your computer or mobile device to this Wi-Fi network and open a web browser. Go to http://pi-star.local/ or the IP address assigned by your router.

Step 2: Configure Pi-Star Software

  1. Login to Pi-Star Dashboard:
    • Use the default username (pi-star) and password (raspberry) to log in.
  2. Set Up Basic Configuration:
    • Go to the “Configuration” tab.
    • Set the “Host Name,” “Node Type,” and “Radio Frequency” that your hotspot will use.
    • Select the “Modem” corresponding to your MMDVM board (e.g., “ZumSpot – Raspberry Pi Hat (GPIO)”).
  3. Network Configuration:
    • Configure your Wi-Fi settings under the “Wireless Configuration” section by entering your SSID and password.
    • Save changes and reboot the hotspot. It will connect to your Wi-Fi network and obtain a local IP address.
  4. Set Up DMR Network Settings:
    • Select the “DMR” mode in “Digital Voice” and set your DMR ID (available from RadioID.net).
    • Choose a DMR network, such as BrandMeister or DMR+, and enter the corresponding server details.
    • For BrandMeister, you may also need to enter your Hotspot Security Password (configured in the BrandMeister Selfcare portal).
  5. Apply and Reboot:
    • Click on “Apply Changes” and reboot the hotspot to apply the settings.

Step 3: Optimize and Test the Hotspot

  1. Calibrate Frequencies and Offsets:
    • Use the “Expert” section in Pi-Star to adjust the RXOffset and TXOffset values to fine-tune the hotspot’s transmit and receive frequencies.
    • Start with small adjustments (e.g., ±100 Hz) and use the radio to test.
  2. Configure Talk Groups:
    • You can set up static talk groups that are always active on your hotspot or dynamic ones that are activated when transmitting.
    • Configure these under the “DMR Configuration” settings in the Pi-Star dashboard.
  3. Test the Hotspot:
    • Use your DMR radio to connect to the hotspot on the configured frequency.
    • Make test transmissions to check audio quality and signal strength. You can use a Parrot Test Server (Talk Group 9990) to hear your own transmission.

Step 4: Fine-Tuning and Advanced Features

  1. Install an OLED Display (Optional):
    • Attach the OLED screen to the GPIO pins of the Raspberry Pi and configure it in Pi-Star under “Display Type.”
  2. Advanced Configuration (Cross-Mode Operations):
    • If your MMDVM board supports cross-mode operations (e.g., DMR to YSF), enable them in the Pi-Star Configuration page.
  3. Backup Configuration:
    • Regularly back up your configuration settings via the “Backup/Restore” function in Pi-Star.

Additional Tips:

  • Keep Pi-Star Software Updated: Regularly check for updates via the “Update” tab in the dashboard to keep your software and modem firmware up to date.
  • Join Online Communities: Platforms like Facebook groups, forums, and Discord communities are helpful for troubleshooting and getting advice from experienced users.

By following these steps, you will have a fully functional DMR hotspot tailored to your specific needs. Building your own hotspot not only provides a cost-effective solution but also offers the flexibility to experiment with different digital modes and networks.

WPSD (Wi-Fi Protected Setup Daemon), often used with DMR hotspots running Pi-Star or similar software, helps manage the Wi-Fi connectivity of the hotspot device. Using WPSD for a DMR hotspot comes with its pros and cons, which can influence whether it is the right choice for your setup.

Pros of Using WPSD for DMR Hotspot:

  1. Automatic Wi-Fi Configuration:
    • WPSD simplifies the process of setting up Wi-Fi by automating the connection setup. It is particularly useful for users who are not familiar with configuring network settings manually.
  2. Ease of Use for Portable Hotspots:
    • For portable DMR hotspots, WPSD allows the hotspot to connect to available Wi-Fi networks without requiring manual intervention. This can be convenient when moving between different locations or when using a mobile hotspot.
  3. Improved Mobility and Flexibility:
    • By using WPSD, you can easily switch between different networks (e.g., home, mobile, public Wi-Fi) without needing to reconfigure network settings each time. This flexibility is beneficial for those who travel with their DMR hotspots.
  4. Minimized Setup Time:
    • WPSD can significantly reduce the time needed to get your hotspot online. The process of entering Wi-Fi credentials is simplified or eliminated if the network uses the WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) feature.
  5. Secure Connectivity:
    • Although WPS has known vulnerabilities, WPSD can still provide a relatively secure and hassle-free method of connecting to networks that support WPS, especially in a controlled environment where security risks are minimized.

Cons of Using WPSD for DMR Hotspot:

  1. Security Vulnerabilities:
    • WPS, the protocol WPSD relies on, is known to have security flaws. The use of WPS can expose your network to risks such as brute-force attacks. As a result, using WPSD may not be suitable for hotspots operating on sensitive or highly secure networks.
  2. Limited Network Compatibility:
    • Not all Wi-Fi networks support WPS, particularly many public or enterprise networks. In such cases, WPSD would not be able to connect, and manual configuration would be necessary.
  3. Potential for Connectivity Issues:
    • Depending on the network environment, WPSD may face issues connecting or maintaining a connection, especially in areas with multiple networks or networks with weak signals. Users might need to troubleshoot connectivity problems, which can negate the convenience factor.
  4. Dependency on Supported Hardware:
    • The effectiveness of WPSD depends on the hardware (Raspberry Pi and Wi-Fi dongles) and software (Pi-Star, etc.) compatibility. Not all hardware supports WPS, and configuring WPSD might not be straightforward for some users.
  5. Lack of Control and Customization:
    • Automating the Wi-Fi setup process might be convenient, but it also takes away some level of control from the user. Advanced users who prefer detailed configuration might find WPSD limiting.

Conclusion:

Using WPSD for a DMR hotspot offers convenience and ease of use, especially for those who frequently move their hotspots between different networks. However, it comes with potential security vulnerabilities and limitations in network compatibility. If you prioritize security and control over convenience, it might be better to configure your hotspot’s network settings manually. For those looking for simplicity and are aware of the associated risks, WPSD  can be a useful tool.

https://w0chp.radio/wpsd/

We did a DMR Tech Net TV show about using (or upgrading to) the WPSD interface.  Here’s the link to see the episode: https://youtu.be/kjDwSahPK0M

The TGIF Hotspot is a popular digital voice hotspot for amateur radio enthusiasts that supports multiple digital modes, including DMR (Digital Mobile Radio). It’s designed to be user-friendly, portable, and compatible with the TGIF Network, a digital network specifically built for TGIF users. Here’s a breakdown of what the TGIF Hotspot offers:

Key Features of the TGIF Hotspot:

  1. Support for Multiple Digital Modes:
    • The TGIF Hotspot supports several digital voice modes, such as DMR, D-STAR, YSF (Yaesu System Fusion), NXDN, P25, and more. This makes it versatile and capable of connecting to various digital amateur radio networks.
  2. Plug-and-Play Setup:
    • The TGIF Hotspot is designed for ease of use, with a simple plug-and-play setup process. It usually comes pre-configured with the Pi-Star software, allowing users to get it up and running with minimal effort. You can easily configure the hotspot to work with your local Wi-Fi network and connect to your preferred digital networks.
  3. Built on a Raspberry Pi Platform:
    • The TGIF Hotspot is often built on a Raspberry Pi Zero W or similar single-board computer, paired with an MMDVM (Multi-Mode Digital Voice Modem) board. This combination offers a cost-effective, flexible solution for digital radio enthusiasts.
  4. Integration with the TGIF Network:
    • The TGIF Network is a digital radio network specifically designed for TGIF Hotspot users. It features over 400 talk groups, including both public and private options. The network allows users to create custom talk groups and access a wide range of digital communication options.
  5. Compact and Portable:
    • Due to its small size and low power consumption, the TGIF Hotspot is highly portable, making it suitable for both home and mobile use. It can be powered by a standard USB power bank, making it convenient for use on the go.
  6. Web-Based Dashboard for Configuration:
    • The TGIF Hotspot uses Pi-Star software, which provides a web-based dashboard for easy configuration and management. Users can control various aspects of their hotspot, such as network settings, mode settings, and talk group management, through the Pi-Star interface.
  7. Custom Firmware Updates and Community Support:
    • The TGIF community regularly releases updates and custom firmware specifically designed for the TGIF Hotspot. This ensures compatibility and enhanced performance with the TGIF Network and other digital networks.

Pros and Cons of the TGIF Hotspot:

Pros:

  • Easy to Set Up and Use: Pre-configured with Pi-Star for a smooth out-of-the-box experience.
  • Multi-Mode Capability: Supports DMR, D-STAR, YSF, and other digital modes.
  • Integration with TGIF Network: Provides access to a large number of talk groups and active community support.
  • Portable: Small and lightweight, making it ideal for mobile operations.
  • Affordable: Typically less expensive than some other commercial hotspots.

Cons:

  • Limited to TGIF Network Features: While versatile, the best features are optimized for the TGIF Network, which may limit users who prefer other networks like BrandMeister or DMR+.
  • Dependency on Raspberry Pi Hardware: Some users may prefer a dedicated, more robust platform rather than a Raspberry Pi-based device.
  • Potential for Overheating: Like other small hotspots based on Raspberry Pi and MMDVM boards, overheating can be a concern, especially in enclosed cases.

Conclusion:

The TGIF Hotspot is a highly accessible and versatile hotspot option for amateur radio operators, particularly those who enjoy using the TGIF Network. Its ease of setup, support for multiple digital modes, and portability make it a popular choice. However, its reliance on the TGIF Network and Raspberry Pi hardware may limit some users. It is an excellent choice for those looking to get started with DMR and other digital modes without investing in more expensive equipment.

Using a DMR hotspot effectively involves understanding its setup, operation, and potential issues that can arise. Here are some useful hints and tips for getting the most out of your DMR hotspot:

  1. 1. Optimize Hotspot Placement
  • Place your DMR hotspot in an area with good Wi-Fi coverage and away from other electronic devices that might cause interference. This will ensure a stable connection to your network and improve the overall reliability of your transmissions.
  1. Choose the Right Frequency
  • Configure your hotspot to use a frequency that is clear and not already in use by local repeaters or other users. It’s generally recommended to use simplex frequencies that are designated for digital modes. Make sure to follow your local amateur radio frequency regulations.
  1. Adjust TX and RX Offsets
  • Hotspots can sometimes have slight frequency drift, causing a mismatch between your radio and hotspot frequency. Adjust the TXOffset and RXOffset settings in the Pi-Star dashboard or other hotspot software to correct for this. Start with small adjustments (e.g., ±100 Hz) and test with your radio until you achieve a clean signal.
  1. Keep Firmware and Software Updated
  • Regularly update both the hotspot firmware (e.g., MMDVM firmware) and the management software (e.g., Pi-Star) to ensure that you have the latest features, bug fixes, and security patches. An updated system is more likely to operate smoothly and efficiently.
  1. Understand Talk Groups and Network Use
  • Familiarize yourself with the talk groups available on your preferred network (e.g., BrandMeister, TGIF, DMR+). Configure static and dynamic talk groups based on your interest. Static talk groups are always active on your hotspot, while dynamic ones are activated by transmitting on them.
  1. Use Parrot for Audio Testing
  • The Parrot Talk Group (TG 9990) is a built-in echo server available on most DMR networks. You can use it to check your audio levels and hotspot configuration. Speak into your radio, and Parrot will repeat back your transmission, allowing you to hear how you sound.
  1. Set Up Hotspot Security
  • For BrandMeister users, configure Hotspot Security to prevent unauthorized access to your hotspot. This can be set up in the Selfcare section of the BrandMeister dashboard and helps secure your hotspot from misuse.
  1. Monitor Temperature and Cooling
  • Hotspots based on Raspberry Pi or similar boards can overheat if not properly ventilated. Consider using a heatsink or a small fan to keep the temperature under control. Regularly check the temperature in the Pi-Star dashboard to avoid thermal throttling or potential hardware damage.
  1. Backup Your Configuration
  • Periodically back up your hotspot configuration through the Pi-Star dashboard or any other management interface you are using. This will save you time if you need to reset or transfer your settings to a new device.
  1. Experiment with Cross-Mode Capabilities
  • Some hotspots like the OpenSpot series allow cross-mode operation (e.g., using a DMR radio to connect to a YSF talk group). Experiment with these capabilities to expand your digital mode experience. However, ensure you understand the specific settings and requirements for cross-mode usage.
  1. Participate in Online Communities
  • Join forums, Facebook groups, and Discord channels focused on DMR and digital modes. These communities are excellent resources for troubleshooting issues, sharing configurations, and staying updated on the latest developments.
  1. Configure Wi-Fi Auto-Connect for Portability
  • If you plan to use your hotspot in multiple locations (e.g., home, car, vacation spots), set up multiple Wi-Fi SSIDs in the Pi-Star dashboard. This allows the hotspot to automatically connect to any known network without requiring reconfiguration.
  1. Check for Network and Hotspot Dashboard Monitoring
  • Utilize network dashboards like BrandMeister’s Dashboard to monitor the status and activity of your hotspot. This can provide valuable information about connected talk groups, user activity, and diagnostic logs to help you fine-tune your setup.
  1. Power Supply Considerations
  • Ensure that your hotspot is powered by a reliable power source. Low-quality power supplies can cause voltage drops, leading to instability or unexpected reboots. A 5V 2.5A (or higher) power supply is recommended for Raspberry Pi-based hotspots.
  1. Document Your Configuration
  • Keep a log of your frequency settings, offsets, network configurations, and any special settings. This documentation will make it easier to troubleshoot issues or reconfigure your setup if needed.

By following these tips, you can optimize the performance and reliability of your DMR hotspot, providing a better experience for both you and those you communicate with.

 

If you have a comment or a DMR topic idea for the DMR Tech Net, please share it with any of us.  Send an email to: steve@dmrtechnet.net,  stan@dmrtechnet.net, tom@dmrtechnet.net, dana@dmrtechnet.net, or brad@dmrtechnet.net.

Here are the Michigan DMR nets we know about.  Please join in & participate with them.
Saturday:

  • 7:00pm Arrow DMR Net on BrandMeister talk group 3126
  • 7:30pm DMR Trivia Net on TGIF talk group 31268

Sunday:

  • 6:30pm UP (Upper Peninsula) Net on BrandMeister talk group 31268

Monday:

  • 7:30pm DMR Tech Net on BrandMeister talk group 31266, the Michigan Nets channel
  • 8:30pm Michigan One DMR Net on BrandMeister talk group 3126

The DMR Tech Net team is branching out with a monthly show called DMR Tech Net TV on Zoom the third Tuesday of each month from 8pm-9pm ET.

  • On Tuesday, September 17, our special guest will be Scott Yonally, N8SY, ARRL Director, Great Lakes Division, to go over what ARRL does for amateur radio, what is available for members, a wrap-up of the Dayton Hamvention, membership changes, along with media & magazines available on the ARRL site.  Plus, he will answer your questions!
  • To join the DMR Tech Net TV Zoom meeting, click the following link: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/84447664395?pwd=djZMbFZaWVRkRDRudkRFeWc2WWV4UT09
  • We’re working to schedule Corey Dean N3FE to go over the BrandMeister USA network, how to get the most out of using it, and best practices.
  • We’re also working to reschedule Steve Miller KC1AWV and Ed Wilson N2XDD to discuss the M17 Network Project.
  • Stay tuned as we work on finding a time and date convenient for them.
  • If you missed previous DMR Tech Net TV broadcasts, you can watch them on our YouTube channel:
    https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCq4TAnA-_yE7kdcuaKzw8rQ
  • If you have a topic or issue you would like to discuss, let us know.

Join the DMR Tech Net team on Telegram.  Just search for “DMR Tech Net.”  To download, go to: https://web.telegram.org and/or https://desktop.telegram.org/

Join the DMR Tech Net team on Discord:  To join the DMR Tech Net team, click this link: https://discord.gg/EV82GNuCaS .  To download Discord, go to https://discord.com

The DMR Tech Net team is helping Dustin N8RMA with NCS duties on the Michigan One DMR net, heard on BrandMeister talk group 3126 on Monday nights starting at 8:30pm ET.  If you would like to help as a Net Control Station operator, send an email to dana@dmrtechnet.net as we need NCS help through the end of 2024.

Here’s the upcoming list of upcoming NCS’:

  • Sep 16                Bob KB8DQQ (Donald Quack Quack)
  • Sep 23                Brad KE8WNV
  • Sep 30                Rick AD8KN

https://www.michiganonedmr.net/

 

Here is an Excel spreadsheet list of talk groups on BrandMeister, TGIF, FreeDMR, YSF, D-Star Reflectors, D-Star Repeaters, M17, and Michigan talk groups on BM & TGIF that you can download.

DMR Different Networks Talk Groups updated 6-2-2024

If you want to donate to BrandMeister to help them run their DMR network, Corey Dean N3FE shared the following links:

3102 and 3104 donations https://www.nfoservers.com/donate.pl?force_recipient=1&recipient=n3fe%40repeater.net

3103 donations https://www.nfoservers.com/donate.pl?force_recipient=1&recipient=w7xm%40w7xm.com

Robert Bretzman K4WZV of the TGIF network mentioned this if you want to donate to their network:

The servers that run the TGIF Network draw money from a coffer fund. We pay for much of it out of our own pockets, so we very much appreciate any donations. If you wish to donate, you may do so by clicking the donation link: https://www.paypal.com/donate/

https://tgif.network/faq.php

If you want to donate to RadioID.net, Glen Bizeau VE9GLN said you can subscribe to his website for additional features: https://radioid.net/account/membership.

You can also purchase RadioID.net merchandise at https://store.radioid.net/.

Garrett Down KD6KPC of Repeaterbook.com shared this if you want to donate to his website:

To run a website like Repeaterbook.com, revenue is needed to keep it active on the web. There are bills to be paid, hosting companies to be paid, SSL certificates to be purchased, and other expenses that go along with the research and development of the data. The costs add up.

Repeaterbook has committed to keeping access to its data completely free. Since we don’t charge for the data or access to the site, we decided to incorporate ads into the site. The ads generate revenue that has been sufficient to pay the bills (most months). With the advent of ad-blocking technology, we began to see ad revenue slip. We get it. Many people don’t want to see ads and our stats indicate that up to 30% of our site visitors are using an ad blocker. Some say the performance on the site has even suffered waiting for ads to load. And come are concerned about Internet tracking through the ads (yes, Google does it).

We think we have found a solution to meet in the middle.

You can now subscribe to Repeaterbook and obtain a membership that will silence the ads on Repeaterbook. This form of obtaining revenue while quieting ads is used on qrz.com.

So now we have two option to fit your preference:

  1. Enjoy Repeaterbook completely free, while enduring the ads that appear.
  2. Sign up for a Repeaterbook subscription and silence the ads.

To take advantage of this offer, you must be a registered user in good standing.  Look at our Subscription Plans:

https://www.repeaterbook.com/index.php/en-us/ad-free

Finally, join and become a member of your local amateur radio club.  They can use your dues to help defray the costs of running the club and repeater.  And you’ll be a member of like-minded people who can help you with amateur radio and equipment.

Check out (and share our website) to learn more about Digital Mobile Radio!

https://dmrtechnet.net/

DMR Tech Net